Symptom experience in people with heart failure in the context of Symptom Management Theory
Experiencia de síntomas en personas con insuficiencia cardíaca en el contexto de la Teoría del Manejo de los Síntomas
Experiência dos sintomas em pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca no contexto da Teoria de Manejo dos Sintomas
Letícia Katiane Martins; Camila Nascimento Polezer; Miguel Alberto Cardozo Mouzully; Lara Adrianne Garcia Paiano da Silva; Ariana Rodrigues da Silva Carvalho; Nen Nalú Alves das Mercês
Abstract
Objective: to identify the experience of symptoms experienced by people with heart failure in functional classes III and IV, using the Theory of Symptom Management.
Method: qualitative, descriptive method, was carried out in the cardiology outpatient clinic and inpatient units of a teaching hospital from January to June 2023, totaling 26 participants diagnosed with heart failure in functional class III and IV. The data were obtained through structured interviews and field diary notes and used to content analysis.
Results: the average age was 65 years old, predominantly people from functional class III. Two thematic categories were obtained: “Perception of heart failure symptoms” and “Assessment of heart failure symptoms”.
Conclusion and implications for the practice: the main experiences identified were: perception of symptoms, such as dyspnea at rest or during exertion, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, chest pain and edema in the lower limbs; evaluation of symptoms, through the judgment of their origin, attributing them to other diseases, comorbidities, or HF itself, and the impacts on activities of daily living, evidenced by limitations in carrying out personal, hygiene, domestic or work activities. The study may contribute to the development of this nursing theory in the country, and supporting planning for individualized care.
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Resumo
Objetivo: identificar a experiência dos sintomas vivenciados pela pessoa com insuficiência cardíaca nas classes funcional III e IV, pela Teoria de Manejo dos Sintomas.
Método: estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado no ambulatório de Cardiologia e unidades de internação de um Hospital de Ensino, entre janeiro a junho de 2023, totalizando 26 participantes com diagnóstico de insuficiência cardíaca em classe funcional III e IV. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas utilizando-se da análise de conteúdo.
Resultados: a idade média foi de 65 anos, predominando pessoas em classe funcional III. Obtiveram-se duas categorias temáticas: “Percepção dos sintomas de insuficiência cardíaca” e “Avaliação dos sintomas de insuficiência cardíaca”.
Conclusão e implicações para a prática: as principais experiências identificadas foram: percepção dos sintomas, como dispneia em repouso ou aos esforços, fadiga, fraqueza, tontura, dor torácica e edema em membros inferiores; avaliação dos sintomas, por meio do julgamento da sua origem, atribuindo-os a outras doenças, comorbidades, ou a própria insuficiência cardíaca, e pelos impactos nas atividades de vida diária, evidenciados pelas limitações na realização de atividades pessoais, de higiene, domésticas ou laborais. O estudo poderá contribuir para o desenvolvimento desta teoria de enfermagem no país e alicerçar o planejamento para um cuidado individualizado.
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Referencias
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Submitted date:
12/03/2024
Accepted date:
06/12/2024
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